The present work is based on the study of the adsorption capacity of phenol, 2- nitrophenol, 2-chlorophenol, 2,4-dinitrophenol and 2,4-dichlorophenol using organophilic clays (CP-HDTMA and FS-HDTMA) as adsorbents. The favorable adsorption conditions were evaluated, as well as the influence of -NO2 or –Cl in phenol mono and disubstituted on the adsorption process. Organophilic clays were prepared by cation exchange with hexadecyltrimethylammonium (HDTMA) as the ammonium cation and natural clays (FS) and homoionic clay (CP). The physicochemical characterization of the materials was performed using XRD, SEM-EDX, FTIR, TG, N2 sorption, Boehm titration and point of zero charge; this allowed understanding the morphology, the structure and the surface properties of adsorbent materials. The best-fit model for the kinetic curves was the pseudo-second order model based on the adsorption capacity the following order of retention of the adsorbates was observed: phenol<monosubstituted<disubstituted. The highest adsorption was obtained with CP-HDTMA. Results showed that the adsorption was carried out on a heterogeneous surface, where the adsorption energy was reduced with the degree of occupation of the active sites. The pH had an important role in the adsorption capacity of the studied phenolic compounds. The adsorption process was carried out by a combination of partitioning mechanism and electrostatic attraction. The effect of ionic strength suggested an improvement in the adsorption capacity when the electrolyte concentration increases, this behavior can be explained by salting out effect. Higher adsorptions of chlorophenols were obtained because they are more hydrophobic than nitrophenols. In the latter the adsorption was proportional to its polarity and in the chlorophenols groups the adsorption was proportional to its partition constant log Pow.

Autor(es):
LIZ VERÓNICA PÉREZ TOMAS
Institución:
Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Año: 2017
Ciudad: Lima
Url: https://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/20.500.12404/8849