The promotion of innovation in services is essential to improve the productivity of this sector and that of the economy as a whole, not only because it has been a means to encourage growth and equity in developed economies (OCDE, 2010) but also because it represents around of 60% of both total employment and total aggregated value, in Latin America and the Caribbean (Rubalcaba, 2015). The innovation policies in Latin America have paid little attention to this sector, although some subsectors have a great capacity to generate new knowledge and to spread it to the rest of the productive system, for example the intensive services in knowledge and the creative industries. There is previous evidence of agglomeration patterns between businesses belonging to intensive innovation industries, particularly in intensive knowledge services, high technology manufacture and creative industries, in developed countries (Chapain, et al., 2010). This investigation sets on trial a labor demand model deriving from innovation in order to analyze how important are knowledge intensive business services (KIBS), high-medium technology manufacture (HMT) and creative industries (CI) knowledge spillovers in the generation of employment in a developing country. The proposed model uses cross-section data and analyzes in odds ratio terms the labor demand generated due to innovation (endogenous variable) and two groups of explicative variables: innovation capabilities (IC) and agglomeration economies, as proxy of knowledge spillovers (KS). A first group of estimations is performed by three innovation types: technological, new products and mixed (adding the two prior ones). A second group of estimations is also performed for the labor demand derived from mixed innovation corresponding to one of the three sectors of intensive innovation mentioned previously, i, to analyze the influence of the other sectors h, j upon it, and it is successively repeated to complete the inter-sectoral effects of the KIBS, HMT, and CI, among themselves. The results at all levels of the sample indicate that the KIBS concentration always has a higher probability to generate labor demand derived from innovation, followed by HMT and CI companies, no matter the type of innovation analyzed; also personnel training is the most important IC in the probability to demand labor due to mixed innovations and new products. However, in the labor demand by technological innovation, the most important IC is the ratio of higher educated employees. At a cross-sectoral level, human capital (measured as the ratio of employees with higher education) is the most important IC for the KIBS and CI companies, for the HMT it is the training, while the KS shows a clear pattern of dominance of HMT over KIBS and CI, in turn CI only dominates over KIBS and also has a bigger influence than it over the HMT companies. The findings show that KIBS and CI companies are an important sub group of the service sector in terms of capacity to promote innovation in the economy as a whole, this is the reason why it is worth being paid attention to by the innovation policy makers in developing countries. Future investigations have to deepen into which specific businesses inter-relate the most with other strategic sectors such as the HMT and in which concrete ways are the KS performed
Autor(es):CASTRO VERGARA, Rene
TOSTES VIEIRA, Marta
Año: 2017
Título de la revista: International Association for Management of Technology
Ciudad: Viena
ISSN: 9783200049864
Url: http://bestevent.management/event/7/contribution/91.pdf